The Association of Race/Ethnicity and Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes in a Universally Insured Population

BackgroundPrior studies have documented racial/ethnic disparities in the United States for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes. One factor cited as a potential mediator is unequal access to care. We sought to assess whether racial/ethnic disparities persist in a universally insured TKA population.MethodsA US integrated health system’s total joint replacement registry was used to identify elective primary TKA (2000-2016). Racial/ethnic differences in revision and 90-day postoperative events (readmission, emergency department [ED] visit, infection, venous thromboembolism, and mortality) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression with adjustment for confounders.ResultsOf 129,402 TKA, 68.8% were white, 16.2% were Hispanic, 8.4% were black, and 6.6% were Asian. Compared to white patients, Hispanic patients had lower risks of septic revision (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57-0.83) and infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.30-0.59), but a higher likelihood of ED visit (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.22-1.34). Black patients had higher risks of aseptic revision (HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.42-1.83), readmission (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.24), and ED visit (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.23-1.39). Asian patients had lower risks of aseptic revision (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54-0.83), septic revision (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.60-0.99), readmission (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79-1.00), and venous thromboembolism (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.45-0.78).ConclusionWe observed differences in TKA outcome, even within a universally insured population. While lower risks in some outcomes were observed for Asian and Hispanic patients, the higher risks of aseptic revision and readmission for black patients and ED visit for black and Hispanic patients warrant further research to determine reasons for these findings to mitigate disparities.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

急诊内科昏迷患者的紧急抢救及临床护理干预分析研究

目的探讨急诊内科昏迷患者的紧急抢救及临床护理干预措施。方法选择我院2018年6月～2019年6月收治的218例患者随机分为观察组(n=109)和对照组(n=109)。两组均给予紧急抢救,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予综合护理干预。观察比较两组抢救成功率、病死率、住院时间及护理满意度情况。结果观察组抢救成功96例,抢救成功率88.07%;对照组抢救成功101例,抢救成功率92.66%;两组分别有13例(11.93%)和8例(7.34%)患者抢救无效死亡。两组患者抢救成功率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.317,P=0.251)。观察组住院时间(18.57±2.34)d,明显低于对照组的(22.15±2.89)d(t=-10.051,P=0.000);观察组护理非常满意48例(44.04%)、基本满意57例(52.29%)、不满意4例(3.67%),整体护理情况优于对照组(Z=-2.453,P=0.014);观察组护理满意度为96.33%,明显高于对照组的80.73%(χ~2=13.057,P=0.000)。结论对急诊内科昏迷患者,在紧急抢救的同时,应给予相关综合临床护理干预,医护密切配合,有效提高患者抢救成功率及护理满意度,改善患者预后。     

湖南省郴州市新型冠状病毒肺炎突发公共卫生事件报告质量及问题探讨

目的 评价湖南省郴州市新型冠状病毒肺炎突发公共卫生事件网络报告质量,为进一步提高新发传染病网络报告质量提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对郴州市新型冠状病毒肺炎突发公共卫生事件报告数据进行分析,并根据定义监测指标评估事件监测报告质量。结果 截至2020年3月4日郴州市共报告17起新型冠状病毒肺炎突发公共卫生相关事件,均为未分级事件,聚集性疫情波及人口的罹患率为2.00%~83.33%。9起事件已结案,其中1起事件中出现出院病例核酸复检阳性。报告时效值为（0.56±0.44） h,监测敏感值平均为4.54 d,信息完整率和准确率均为100%。结论 新冠肺炎突发事件均报告及时、信息报告完整且准确,但是监测敏感性滞后;事件进程中要根据疫情进展,及时、准确评估疫情并对事件定级。事件中末例病例出院后随访至少28 d,相关危险因素消除后再对事件进行结案评估。     

急诊治疗重症心力衰竭的方案及疗效探析

目的探讨急诊治疗重症心力衰竭的方案及疗效。方法选择本院80例2016年2月-2019年2月重症心力衰竭患者。随机分组,常规治疗组采取常规方法治疗,急诊治疗组则采取全面急诊治疗。比较两组重症心力衰竭疗效;重症心力衰竭症状改善的时间、心功能改善两级的时间;治疗前后患者舒张压、平均心率以及左心射血分数;不良反应。结果急诊治疗组重症心力衰竭疗效、重症心力衰竭症状改善的时间、心功能改善两级的时间、舒张压、平均心率以及左心射血分数相比较常规治疗组更好,P<0.05。两组未见严重不良反应,P>0.05。结论全面急诊治疗重症心力衰竭可获得较好预后,可有效改善患者的心功能,缓解症状,且安全性高,无明显不良反应。     

脑瘫患儿发生癫痫持续状态的急救护理体会

目的对脑瘫患儿发生癫痫持续状态的急救护理方法和效果进行探讨。方法选择2018年4月—2018年9月在医院收治的50例脑瘫发生癫痫持续状态的患儿作为对照组,对其实施常规急救护理,同时选择2018年10月—2019年3月在医院收治的50例脑瘫发生癫痫持续状态的患儿作为观察组,对其实施强化急救护理,对比两组护理满意度、生命体征评分、护理有效率。结果观察组的总体满意率、护理有效率、生命体征评分均优于对照组,两组差异明显,有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论对脑瘫发生癫痫持续状态的患儿实施强化急救护理能够提升治护效果,提高患儿家长满意度,更好的改善患儿生命体征。     

Emergency Medicine/Critical Care Medicine (EM/CCM) Trainees’ Performance on Standardized Critical Care Medicine Examinations: A Ten-Year Review

BackgroundEmergency Medicine/Critical Care Medicine (EM/CCM) trainees may obtain board certification through Internal Medicine (American Board of Internal Medicine [ABIM]), Surgery (American Board of Surgery [ABS]), and Anesthesiology (American Board of Anesthesiology [ABA]). However, EM/CCM trainees experience challenges, including: 1) additional training requirements and 2) an unwillingness to accept EM graduates by many programs.ObjectivesWe sought to: 1) compare EM/CCM knowledge acquisition to medicine (Internal Medicine [IM]/CCM), surgery (surgical critical care [SCC]), and anesthesiology (anesthesiology critical care medicine [ACCM]) Fellows at the local and national level using the Multidisciplinary Critical Care Knowledge Assessment Program (MCCKAP) in-service examination as an objective measure; and 2) compare American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) pass rates for EM/CCM.MethodsSingle-center retrospective analysis comparing scores obtained by EM/CCM on the MCCKAP examination with SCC and ACCM over a 10-year period. Scores are presented as means with standard deviations. We performed similar analysis on ABMS examination pass rates.ResultsThere were 117 MCCKAP scores (37 EM/CCM; 80 SCC and ACCM) evaluated. EM/CCM mean score 562.4 (SD 67.4); SCC and ACCM mean score 505.3, (SD 87.5) at the institutional level (p < 0.001). Similarly, EM/CCM scored higher than the national mean (562.4, SD 67.4 vs. 500 SD 100, p < 0.001). Nationally, ABIM-CCM board certification rate was 91.2% for 137 EM/CCM, compared with 93.2% for IM/CCM (p = 0.22); 28 EM/CCM have obtained ABA-CCM board certification with rates similar to ACCM (90.4 vs. 89.3%; p = 0.85).ConclusionsEM/CCM Fellows demonstrate successful knowledge acquisition both locally and at a national level. EM/CCM achieve ABMS pass rates similar to other CCM trainees. The current arbitrary additional training requirements placed on EM/CCM should be removed.     

Demystifying airline syncope

Syncope forms a major part of medical in-flight emergencies contributing one-in-four in-flight medical events accounting to 70% of flight diversions. In such patients, it is important to elucidate the pathophysiology of syncope prior to diversion. Postural hypotension is the most common etiology of in-flight syncopal events. However, individuals without any underlying autonomic dysfunction can still experience syncope from hypoxia also known as airline syncope. Initial steps in managing such patients include positioning followed by the airway, breathing and circulation of resuscitation. These interventions need to be in close coordination with ground control to determine decision for flight diversion. Interventions which have been tried for prevention include mental challenge and increased salt and fluid intake. The current paper enhances the understanding of airline syncope by summarizing the associated pathophysiologic mechanisms and the management medical personnel can initiate with limited resources.